Despite the excellent quality of public transport systems in Switzerland, the railway system needs to increase its performance (quality, for instance, travel time, and delays) and capacity (amount of services run) and attract more travellers to match the ambitious targets from policy and environmental goals. One key aspect of traditional railway transport systems is their plan, which is based on predetermined routes, lines, and scheduled times, with little possibility of adjusting to unplanned and unexpected circumstances. On the other hand, delays and disruption might affect many services throughout a network by means of propagation. The project focuses on timetable planning that is able to minimize delays and their impacts.

To do so, large‑scale optimisation addresses the railway timetabling problem. Typically Mixed Integer Linear Programming approaches are used, which are mathematically complex, and with some limits, when modelling real‑life complexity. Incorporating r...